Tense Chart With Rules And Examples Pdf In Punjabi
Introduction
Tenses are an essential aspect of the English language, and they help in communicating the correct meaning of a sentence. In English, there are twelve tenses that are classified into three categories: present, past, and future. As Punjabi is one of the most spoken languages in India, it is essential to understand the tense rules and their examples in Punjabi.
Present Tense
The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment, general truths, habits, and scientific facts. In Punjabi, the present tense is divided into four categories: simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous.
Simple Present Tense
The simple present tense is used to describe actions that are regular, habitual, or factual. In Punjabi, the simple present tense is formed by adding -ਦਾ/ਦੀ/ਦੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (I study regularly).
Present Continuous Tense
The present continuous tense is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment. In Punjabi, the present continuous tense is formed by adding -ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ/ਰਹੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ। (I am studying right now).
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is used to describe actions that have been completed in the recent past. In Punjabi, the present perfect tense is formed by adding -ਚੁੱਕਾ/ਚੁੱਕੀ/ਚੁੱਕੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਹਾਂ। (I have studied).
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The present perfect continuous tense is used to describe actions that started in the past and continue until now. In Punjabi, the present perfect continuous tense is formed by adding -ਹੋ ਰਿਹਾ/ਹੋ ਰਹੀ/ਹੋ ਰਹੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਹੋ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ। (I have been studying).
Past Tense
The past tense is used to describe actions that have already happened. In Punjabi, the past tense is divided into four categories: simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous.
Simple Past Tense
The simple past tense is used to describe actions that happened in the past. In Punjabi, the simple past tense is formed by adding -ਸੀ/ਆ/ਏ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੀ। (I studied).
Past Continuous Tense
The past continuous tense is used to describe actions that were happening in the past. In Punjabi, the past continuous tense is formed by adding -ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ/ਰਹੇ ਸੀ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ। (I was studying).
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is used to describe actions that were completed before another past action. In Punjabi, the past perfect tense is formed by adding -ਚੁੱਕਾ/ਚੁੱਕੀ/ਚੁੱਕੇ ਸੀ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਸੀ। (I had studied).
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The past perfect continuous tense is used to describe actions that started in the past and continued until another past action. In Punjabi, the past perfect continuous tense is formed by adding -ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕਾ/ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕੀ/ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਸੀ। (I had been studying).
Future Tense
The future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. In Punjabi, the future tense is divided into four categories: simple future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous.
Simple Future Tense
The simple future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. In Punjabi, the simple future tense is formed by adding -ਗਾ/ਗੀ/ਗੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰਾਂਗਾ। (I will study).
Future Continuous Tense
The future continuous tense is used to describe actions that will be happening in the future. In Punjabi, the future continuous tense is formed by adding -ਰਿਹਾ/ਰਹੀ/ਰਹੇ ਹੋਵਾਂਗੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੋਵਾਂਗਾ। (I will be studying).
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense is used to describe actions that will be completed in the future. In Punjabi, the future perfect tense is formed by adding -ਚੁੱਕਾ/ਚੁੱਕੀ/ਚੁੱਕੇ ਹੋਵਾਂਗੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਹੋਵਾਂਗਾ। (I will have studied).
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The future perfect continuous tense is used to describe actions that will have been happening until a future point in time. In Punjabi, the future perfect continuous tense is formed by adding -ਹੋ ਰਿਹਾ/ਹੋ ਰਹੀ/ਹੋ ਰਹੇ ਹੋਵਾਂਗੇ to the root verb. For example, ਮੈਂ ਪੜਾਈ ਕਰ ਹੋ ਰਹਾ ਹੋਵਾਂਗਾ। (I will have been studying).
Conclusion
Learning tenses in Punjabi is essential for effective communication in the English language. This article has highlighted the rules and examples of the twelve tenses in Punjabi. By understanding these rules, one can communicate accurately in English and avoid confusion.