Mechanism Of Action Of General Anesthesia Flow Chart
General anesthesia is a state of unconsciousness induced by the administration of drugs. It is used to facilitate surgical procedures and alleviate pain. The mechanism of action of general anesthesia is complex and involves multiple pathways. This article will provide a flow chart that simplifies the mechanism of action of general anesthesia.
Step 1: CNS Depression
The first step in the mechanism of action of general anesthesia is the depression of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord. General anesthetics act on the CNS to produce a loss of consciousness, amnesia, and analgesia. The degree of CNS depression depends on the dose and type of anesthetic agent used.
Step 2: GABA Receptor Activation
The primary site of action for most general anesthetics is the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. General anesthetics enhance the effect of GABA by increasing the affinity of the receptor for the neurotransmitter. This leads to an increase in chloride ion influx and hyperpolarization of the neuron, resulting in CNS depression.
Step 3: NMDA Receptor Inhibition
Another important target for general anesthetics is the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The NMDA receptor is involved in learning, memory, and pain perception. General anesthetics inhibit the NMDA receptor, which leads to further CNS depression and analgesia.
Step 4: Sodium Channel Inhibition
General anesthetics also inhibit sodium channels, which are responsible for the propagation of action potentials in neurons. This inhibition leads to a decrease in neuronal excitability and further CNS depression.
Step 5: Potassium Channel Activation
General anesthetics activate potassium channels, which are responsible for the repolarization of neurons after an action potential. This activation leads to a decrease in neuronal excitability and further CNS depression.
Step 6: Calcium Channel Inhibition
General anesthetics also inhibit calcium channels, which are involved in neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. This inhibition leads to a decrease in neurotransmitter release and further CNS depression.
Step 7: Other Targets
General anesthetics also have other targets, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin receptors. These targets contribute to the overall mechanism of action of general anesthesia.
Conclusion
The mechanism of action of general anesthesia is complex and involves multiple pathways. The flow chart presented in this article simplifies the mechanism of action and highlights the key targets of general anesthetics. Understanding the mechanism of action of general anesthesia is important for safe and effective use in clinical practice.