Psychosocial Development Erikson's Stages Of Development Chart
Introduction
Psychosocial development is a theory proposed by Erik Erikson, a German-American psychologist. The theory explains the psychological development of individuals from infancy to adulthood. Erikson's theory consists of eight stages, each with a unique psychosocial crisis that an individual must overcome to develop successfully.
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
This stage occurs from birth to 18 months. Infants in this stage learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers. Infants who receive reliable and responsive care from their caregivers develop a sense of trust, while those who receive inconsistent or inadequate care develop mistrust.
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
This stage occurs from 18 months to three years. Toddlers in this stage begin to assert their independence and develop autonomy. However, if they are overly controlled or criticized, they may develop shame and doubt.
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
This stage occurs from three to six years. Children in this stage begin to initiate activities and take on leadership roles. If they are encouraged and supported, they develop a sense of initiative, but if they are overly criticized or controlled, they may develop guilt.
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
This stage occurs from six to 11 years. Children in this stage begin to develop a sense of competence and take pride in their accomplishments. However, if they experience constant failure or criticism, they may develop a sense of inferiority.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion
This stage occurs from 12 to 18 years. Adolescents in this stage begin to develop a sense of identity and explore different roles and values. If they are successful in this stage, they develop a strong sense of identity, but if they are unable to find a sense of self, they may develop role confusion.
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
This stage occurs from 18 to 40 years. Young adults in this stage begin to form intimate relationships and make a commitment to others. If they are successful in this stage, they develop strong and lasting relationships, but if they are unable to form meaningful relationships, they may experience isolation.
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
This stage occurs from 40 to 65 years. Adults in this stage begin to focus on their contribution to society and the next generation. If they are successful in this stage, they develop a sense of generativity, but if they are unable to contribute meaningfully, they may experience stagnation.
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
This stage occurs from 65 years and above. Older adults in this stage reflect on their lives and evaluate their accomplishments. If they are satisfied with their life, they develop a sense of integrity, but if they have regrets and feel unfulfilled, they may experience despair.
Conclusion
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development provides a framework for understanding the psychological development of individuals from infancy to adulthood. Each stage has a unique psychosocial crisis that an individual must overcome to develop successfully. By understanding Erikson's stages of development, individuals can better understand their own psychological development and that of others.
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