Pathophysiology Of Polycystic Kidney Disease In Flow Chart
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that causes fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys. These cysts can grow larger and eventually damage the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. In this article, we will explore the pathophysiology of PKD in a flow chart.
Genetic Mutation
PKD is caused by a genetic mutation in one of two genes: PKD1 or PKD2. These genes are responsible for producing proteins that help to regulate the growth and development of kidney cells. When there is a mutation in one of these genes, the proteins are not produced correctly, leading to the formation of cysts.
Cyst Formation
Once the genetic mutation has occurred, cysts begin to form in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid and can grow larger over time. As the cysts grow, they put pressure on the surrounding kidney tissue, which can lead to damage and scarring.
Increased Cell Proliferation
PKD also causes an increase in cell proliferation within the kidneys. This means that kidney cells are dividing and growing at a faster rate than normal. This increased cell growth contributes to the formation and enlargement of cysts.
Abnormal Tubule Development
The tubules in the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine. In PKD, the development of these tubules is abnormal. This can lead to impaired kidney function and an increased risk of kidney stones.
Activation Of Signaling Pathways
PKD also activates signaling pathways within the kidneys that contribute to the formation and growth of cysts. These pathways include the mTOR pathway and the cAMP pathway. By blocking these pathways, it may be possible to slow or stop the progression of PKD.
Impaired Kidney Function
As the cysts grow and multiply, they can damage the surrounding kidney tissue. This can lead to impaired kidney function, including a decreased ability to filter waste products from the blood and produce urine. Over time, this can lead to kidney failure.
Conclusion
PKD is a genetic disorder that causes fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys. These cysts can grow larger and eventually damage the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. By understanding the pathophysiology of PKD, researchers may be able to develop new treatments that can slow or stop the progression of this disease.